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' ystblCastles.*+ g SystblCastles%%%  Sys  ys G\LVALl((([tblCastles].[County]) Like [Forms]![FrmSearch]![text3] & "*") And (([tblCastles].[Period]) Like [Forms]![FrmSearch]![text5] & "*") And (([tblCastles].[Type]) Like [Forms]![FrmSearch]![text7] & "*"))d YN 00Y Y  Y  Y  Y  Y  Y  Y  Y Y   Y  zIDName CountyGrid ReferenceLocation PeriodTypeCountryDescription.English Heritage NumberGridRef0XYPrimaryKeyv1/P  AFFLECK CASTLETaysideNO495388MonikieEdwardianTower HouseScotlandThis tower house has changed little since the late 15th Century when it was constructed. Earliest documentary records provide evidence that the present structure existed in 1501 and was most probably built within the three decades before this. Having see2.8209W 56.5356N~hVH8*  ACTON BURNELL CASTLEShropshireSJ534019Acton BurnellEdwardianFortified Manor HouseEnglandThis fortified manor house takes its name from the place Acton and the Burnell family who lived there. In 1284 Robert Burnell was granted a licence by the King to build the manor house. During the Wars of the Roses the castle passed out of the hands of t2.6880W 52.6111NtZJ6  ABERYSTWYTH CASTLEDyfedSN579815AberystwythEdwardianConcentricWalesBuilt in the late 13th Century it was one of the eight major castles built by Edward I to maintain English supremacy. The architect and engineer was James of St. George, who used knowledge acquired in the Crusades to construct a concentric castle. Today,4.0886W 52.4113NtbL<2  ABERGAVENNY CASTLEGwentSO299139AbergavennyNormanMotte & BaileyWalesHameline de Balun was responsible for the motte and bailey castle built in the 11th Century after the Norman conquest. It was substantially rebuilt in the 13th and 14th Centuries. Llewelyn the Great captured the castle from King John's forces after the b3.0167W 51.8178NnbL<2  ABER CASTLEGwyneddSH656727AberNormanMotte & BaileyWalesAll that is left of this castle is an artificial mound. It is well known as the place where Llywelyn ap Gruffydd refused to attend Westminster and pay homage to Edward I, which directly led to the King's conquest of Wales. It is thought that the first ca4.0130W 53.2323Nx|rVJB2$ /P  f@AYDON CASTLENorthumberlandNZ002663AydonEdwardianFortified Manor HouseEnglandAydon Castle is more like a fortified manor house than a castle. It was altered after 1300 when the Lord of the Manor, Robert de Reymes, was given permission by the King to strengthen his house. It stands on a hill protected by the River Cor, but it has 1.9969W 54.9888Nn\RB&  @c@ASHBY DE LA ZOUCH CASTLELeicestershireSK363167Ashby de la ZouchPost EdwardianOtherEnglandThis area of Leicestershire was given to William the Conqueror's Norman supporter, Hugh de Grentmeisnil, before passing to Alan la Zouch in the mid twelfth-century. It was Alan la Zouch who began building a stone hall, and in the early fourteenth-century1.4624W 52.7449NjZ>  ARUNDEL CASTLESussexTQ019074ArundelNormanMotte & BaileyEnglandBuilt in the late 11th Century by Earl Roger de Montgomery, its main purpose was defence from overseas invasion. The original castle had a motte and two baileys. In the reign of Henry II a shell keep was built as well as a curtain wall and the Bevis Towe0.5527W 50.8558N|`TF6*  ALNWICK CASTLENorthumberlandNU187137AlnwickNormanMotte & BaileyEnglandThe present castle was started in about 1140 by Eustace Fitzjohn, when it was a motte and bailey with a shell keep. In 1309 Henry de Percy bought the castle and carried out considerable reconstruction and repairs. In 1405 and 1462 the castle was besieged1.7047W 55.4143NpdVF*  ALLINGTON CASTLEKentTQ752579AllingtonNormanOtherEnglandThere were wooden fortifications on this site at the time of William the Conqueror and they were replaced by stone at an early date. In 1281 Sir Stephen de Porchester was granted a licence to crenellate. In Henry VIII's reign the castle passed to the Wya0.5120E 51.2918Nx|ndXF6. / Z  BARRY CASTLESouth GlamorganBarryEdwardianFortified Manor HouseWalesThere is no record of the history of this fortified manor house, other than it was built in the 14th Century. Today it is on private land and its only physical remains are the ruins of a small barbican and some of the curtain wall.3.3000W 51.4900Nb`NDD&  Q@BARNARD CASTLECo DurhamNZ049165Barnard CastleNormanMotte & BaileyEnglandBarnard Castle stands on a cliff on the north bank of the River Tees and was built to safeguard a crossing point of the river and the entrance to Teesdale. It occupies a large site and, being in the North of England, had to be on constant guard against a1.9243W 54.5414NthL<*  BAMBURGH CASTLENorthumberlandNU184350BamburghPre NormanMotte & BaileyEnglandThe Angles constructed a fort here in the 6th Century on a high rocky outcrop looking out to sea. It became the centre of the kingdom of Bernicia. In the 9th Century it successfully held out against the Danes. William the Conqueror also found it almost i1.7080W 55.6056N|hXH,  BALLYLEE CASTLECo. GalwayPost EdwardianTower HouseIrelandThis 16th Century tower house was originally known as Islandmore Castle. It is situated beside Cloon River and was the home of the Burkes, the Earls of Clanrickdale, in the 16th and 17th Centuries. It has become more famous recently as the home of the po8.9000W 53.1000N|r\@@@,  BACONSTHORPE CASTLENorfolkTG122382BaconsthorpePost EdwardianFortified Manor HouseEnglandThis castle, also known as Baconsthorpe Hall was built in the late 15th Century towards the end of the Wars of the Roses by John Heydon. Much of the present castle has collapsed and disappeared and its design is not typical of the period. The entrance to1.1540E 52.8974NjRB4 /> X  g@BELSAY HALL CASTLE & GARDENSNorthumberlandNZ088785BelsayEdwardianFortified Manor HouseEnglandLike Aydon Castle, Belsay Hall Castle may well have begun life as a manor house owned by the Middleton family. Its position was important for protecting the route to Scotland, and it needed to be fortified through fear of Scottish raids across the border1.8621W 55.0983N~rbF  BELFAST CASTLECo. AntrimBelfastPost EdwardianOtherIrelandBelfast's first castle was built in the 16th Century and was a fortified manor house. This was destroyed by fire in 1708. The present buildings date from 1870 and were constructed as a mansion. The main part of the castle is a six-storey tower, with coni5.9000W 54.6000N|rhL>>*  6@BEESTON CASTLECheshireSJ537593BeestonNormanMotte & BaileyEnglandBeeston Castle stands on rocks which rise some 150 metres above sea level. On the north and west side there was little need for further protection since the rocks fell away sharply, but to the south and west was a curtain wall and deep ditch. The castle2.6917W 53.1269NdXJ:*  BEAUPRE CASTLESouth GlamorganST009721St. HilaryEdwardianFortified Manor HouseWalesA medieval fortification was started on this site in the 13th Century by the Basset family, who continued to own the castle until the early 18th Century. Having played little part in Glyndwr's uprising of the early 15th Century the buildings fell into di3.4254W 51.4378N~lXH*  BEAUMARIS CASTLEGwyneddSH607763BeaumarisEdwardianConcentricWalesIt was the last of the great castles built by James of St. George for Edward I to keep control over Wales. It was constructed as a concentric castle in 1295. It is on a level site at sea-level and surrounded by a moat, with the unusual feature of a dock 4.0879W 53.2634Np^L<. / J ( BODIAM CASTLESussexTQ785256BodiamEdwardianCourtyardEnglandRichard II granted Sir Edward Dallingrigge a licence to build a castle here in 1385 to protect the area against anticipated attacks from the French. The attacks never came and apart from one brief skirmish in 1484 Bodiam saw no action until the English C0.5433E 51.0007N~tbPD4(  BLARNEY CASTLECo. CorkBlarneyPost EdwardianOtherIrelandBuilt in the 15th Century by the MacCarthys of Muskerry it is probably Ireland's most famous castle. Much of this fame comes from the legend of the 'Blarney Stone'. The stone is on one of the parapets of the castle and according to legend if it is kissed8.5000W 51.9000Nx|ndH::*  BLAIR CASTLETaysideNN866662Blair AthollEdwardianOtherScotlandA castle first appeared on this site when David Strathbogie, Earl of Atholl, returned from the Crusades and constructed a fortress in 1269. The only part of the existing castle to date from this period is Cummings Tower which still has its medieval found3.8549W 56.7706Nxn\D4&  K@BERRY POMEROY CASTLEDevonSX839623Berry PomeroyNormanMotte & BaileyEnglandBerry Pomeroy Castle stands on the side of a deep valley and was built on land given to Ralph de Pomeroy by William I. The early castle was small but by the middle of the thirteenth century had been enlarged and converted to stone. The castle entrance w3.6591W 50.4414NvjP@6  BERKHAMSTEAD CASTLEHertfordshireSP996083BerkhampsteadNormanMotte & BaileyEnglandAfter defeating Harold at Hastings, William the Conqueror made his way to London. At first he travelled along the River Thames before crossing at Wallingford and then turning east to attack the capital. On the way, Berkhamstead felt the might of his army0.5572W 51.7630Nx^N4 8/H z P D@BROUGH CASTLECumbriaNY791141BroughPre NormanOtherEnglandThe Roman fort of Verterae was the first stronghold on this site and remained occupied until the Romans left Britain. In 1092 William II used part of this fort to build a castle as protection against the Scots, who destroyed it after a short period in 112.3228W 54.5194Nz~pfRF6(  C@BROUGHAM CASTLECumbriaNY537290BroughamNormanMotte & BaileyEnglandLike many other Norman castles Brougham Castle was built to protect river crossing points, in this case the junction of the Lowther and Eamont rivers of the Eden Valley. Little remains of the early castle, but the alterations and additions made from the2.7174W 54.6516NfZJ:,  BRECON CASTLEPowysSO043288BreconNormanMotte & BaileyWalesAfter the Norman conquest at the end of the 11th Century Bernard de Newmarch built a motte and bailey castle. A shell keep was added in the following century, a hall and round tower in the 13th Century and it was further improved a hundred years later wi3.3920W 51.9478N|vZNB2(  BRAEMAR CASTLEGrampianNO156924BraemarPost EdwardianTower HouseScotlandBuilt in 1628 this is a five-storeyed tower house. It was constructed mainly as a hunting lodge by the Earl of Mar, John Erskine. In 1689 the castle was captured and burnt and remained neglected for half a century. After this British troops were billeted3.3894W 57.0120NtXJ:*  I@BOLSOVER CASTLEDerbyshireSK471707BolsoverNormanOtherEnglandLike Peveril Castle, Bolsover was built by William Peverel on a high hill overlooking the surrounding countryside. This original castle fell into disrepair during the middle ages and the present castle dates largely from the seventeenth century. This lat1.2946W 53.2293Nvl`P@, B/@ Z #CAERNARVON CASTLEGwyneddSH477626CaernarvonEdwardianOtherWalesThis was the largest of Edward I's castles and most of the major work was completed between 1283 and 1287 and further improvements made in the early 14th Century. The designer was James of St. George and its plan was constructed in an 'hour-glass' shape.4.2761W 53.1368N~tbN>0  "CAERLEON CASTLEGwentST342905CaerleonPre NormanMotte & BaileyWalesThe old Roman fortifications were used as a site by the Normans for a motte and bailey castle. This was started in 1085 and consisted of a tower on a steep motte, a barbican at the bottom, with two towers and a strongly fortified bailey. Caerleon saw act2.9499W 51.6080NjVF6,  !CAERLAVEROCK CASTLEDumfries & GallowayNY026656EdwardianOtherScotlandCaerlaverock Castle is unusual in that it is the only remaining triangular castle in Britain. Started in the thirteenth century, it was captured by Edward I in the 1290's and re-taken by the Scots in the early fourteenth century. Much of the castle was |jjZ4  BURGH CASTLENorfolkTG475046Burgh CastlePre NormanOtherEnglandBurgh Castle was a shore fort built by the Romans as protection against invasion from the Saxons. It was built in the 3rd Century A.D. and was known as Gariannonum. It housed a garrison of cavalry and remained occupied until the 5th Century A.D. when Rom1.6522E 52.5810Nzp\D4&  BUILTH CASTLEPowysSO044510Builth WellsNormanMotte & BaileyWalesThis was one of the eight great castles built by Edward I, used to control Wales at the time of Llywelyn's resistance in the late 13th Century. A castle had been built here in the 12th Century suffering attacks in 1223 and 1260. In 1277 Edward I started 3.3968W 52.1473NfZB2( /.  (CARDIFF CASTLESouth GlamorganST180767CardiffPre NormanMotte & BaileyWalesThe existing structure has evidence of a number of periods of building. Walls remain from a period when it was fortified by the Romans, there is a Norman keep, medieval apartments and 19th Century restoration work. The keep was built on a twelve metre hi3.1805W 51.4818NzfXH*  'W@CALSHOT CASTLEHampshireSU488025CalshotModernOtherEnglandLike Hurst Castle, Calshot Castle was built on the orders of Henry VIII to prevent enemy shipping entering the Solent. It was positioned on a strip of land overlooking Southampton Water at a time when Henry VIII feared an invasion of England. The main p1.3074W 50.8187Nz~pfZL<*  &CAISTER CASTLENorfolkTG504123Caister on SeaEdwardianFortified Manor HouseEnglandThere was a moated manor house on this site in the reign of Edward I. The present castle is the one that Sir John Fastolf was licensed to build between 1432 and 1435; it is thought that Fastolf was Shakespeare's model for Sir John Falstaff. When Fastolf 1.7008E 52.6487NvdH8*  %CAHIR CASTLECo. TipperaryPre NormanCourtyardIrelandIt is thought that the present site once had an Iron-Age ring fort and there is documentation of a fort being destroyed there in the 3rd Century A.D. A series of other forts succeeded this, although the Anglo-Normans chose to build their motte and bailey7.9000W 52.4000NptfT@@@&  $CAERPHILLY CASTLEMid GlamorganST155870CaerphillyEdwardianConcentricWalesThis was the first concentric castle to be built in Britain. It was constructed between 1267 and 1272 by Gilbert de Clare, Edward I's grandson. The site of the castle covers about 30 acres, making it one of the largest strongholds in Britain. Outside it 3.2190W 51.5740NnZJ0  /D $ -E@CARLISLE CASTLECumbriaNY397563CarlisleNormanMotte & BaileyEnglandCarlisle Castle was the site of many a violent action. Built in 1092 by William II and given to the Scots during Matilda's reign as a reward for help, King David of Scotland died there in 1153. In 1157 the castle once more became English property when He2.9399W 54.8954NfZJ:,  ,^@CARISBROOKE CASTLEIsle of WightSZ486877Newport, Isle of WightPre NormanMotte & BaileyEnglandThe castle occupies an area of some seven acres and contains elements of Roman, Norman, medieval, Tudor and later habitation. After the Conquest the land was controlled by the Norman supporters of William and it was William Fitzosbern who began building 1.3122W 50.6857N\L2  +CAREW CASTLEDyfedSN045037CarewNormanOtherWalesThere is hardly any evidence of the earliest castle built on this site in the 11th Century. It was constructed by Rhys, Prince of South Wales and ownership passed to Gerald de Windsor, a Norman when he married the daughter of Rhys in 1095. The oldest sur4.8281W 51.6964Nfj`VJ@0&  *CARDIGAN OLD CASTLEDyfedSN164464CardiganNormanMotte & BaileyWalesThere are hardly any remains of this castle, which predates neighbouring Cardigan Castle. It was started in 1093 by Roger of Montgomery. The timber and earth motte and bailey castle was rebuilt in stone in 1171 after its destruction in 1165. Records of t4.6788W 52.0838Nj^N>4  )CARDIGAN CASTLEDyfedSN177459CardiganNormanMotte & BaileyWalesOverlooking the River Teifi this castle occupied an important strategic position. It was attacked and captured on a number of occasions and it is not clear whether it was started by Gilbert de Clare, as a Norman stronghold, or Rhys ap Gruffyd, as a Welsh4.6596W 52.0798N~bVF6, /<  2CASTELL-Y-BEREGwyneddSH667086Llanfihangel-y-PennantNormanOtherWalesIt is thought that this Welsh castle was started by Llywelyn the Great in 1221. In 1277 after the Treaty of Rhuddlan, Dafydd became based here. After Llewelyn ap Gruffydd's death Dafydd held out against Edward I at Castell-y-Bere briefly, but both he and3.9702W 52.6569NtH8*  1CARRICKKILDAVNET CASTLECo. MayoCarrickkildavnetPost EdwardianTower HouseIrelandThis Irish tower house was built by the O'Malleys during the 15th Century. Typical of the tower houses of Ireland and Scotland it has very few windows. It is positioned beside an inlet of the sea. The pirate queen Grace O'Malley is associated with the pl9.9200W 53.9000NlLL<  0CARRICKFERGUS CASTLECo. AntrimCarrickfergusNormanMotte & BaileyIrelandThis is the most complete medieval castle remaining in Ireland. It was started in the 1180s by John de Courcy, an Anglo-Norman. In 1204 the Earl of Ulster took possession and the castle's keep dates from this period. It is nearly 20 metres square and 30 5.8000W 54.7000NpdJJ6  /CARREG CENNEN CASTLEDyfedSN668191TrappNormanOtherWalesAlthough there is no documentation of a castle on this site before 1248 it is probable that one was built shortly after the Norman conquest. Maredudd took control of the castle from Rhys ap Gruffydd and supported Llywelyn, Prince of Wales. The castle fel3.9334W 51.8530NvzpfZP@6  .CARMARTHEN CASTLEDyfedSN413420CarmarthenNormanMotte & BaileyWalesThe first motte and bailey castle was built of timber and earth in the late 11th Century. The oldest remains, the two towers and some of the wall, date from its rebuilding in stone in 1223. A small round tower and the gatehouse survive from the 14th Cent4.3138W 52.0520Nj^J:0 "/6 : 7CHEPSTOW CASTLEGwentST533941ChepstowNormanMotte & BaileyWalesImpressively positioned on a ridge overlooking the River Wye the castle was built shortly after the Norman conquest by William Fitz Osbern, the Earl of Hereford. It was on the edge of the unconquered territory of Wales and so, because of this strategic i2.6747W 51.6422N~bVF6,  6CAWDOR CASTLEHighlandNH847499CawdorPost EdwardianTower HouseScotlandThis castle has legendary connections with Shakespeare's play 'Macbeth'. A fortification first appeared on the site in the 14th Century when the Thane of Cawdor built a tower house between 1370 and 1380. In 1454, James II of Scotland granted the Thanes t3.9246W 57.5214NpTH8(  5@e@CASTLE RISING CASTLENorfolkTF666246Castle RisingNormanMotte & BaileyEnglandCastle Rising stands some two miles from the sea, although when it was built during Henry I's reign it was not far from the seashore. Today only the rectangular keep remains standing, although it is easy to see the outlines of the great building which su0.4700E 52.7914NznTD6  4CASTLE HOWARDYorkshireSE717701MaltonPost EdwardianOtherEnglandThis has belonged to the Howard family since 1571. In 1683 and 1693 there was much rebuilding. The present mansion was constructed between 1699 and 1726 for the 3rd Earl of Carlisle. Although called a castle it is much more like a palace and was not buil|rVJ:(  3CASTLE ACRENorfolkTF819152Castle AcrePre NormanMotte & BaileyEnglandThis was originally a Roman site. The Normans built a shell keep on the motte and walls went from this and linked up with the main curtain wall. In 1085 a monastery was founded within the castle walls but later moved outside. The earthworks are very impr0.6914E 52.7021NlXB2$ / J | <COLCHESTER CASTLEEssexTL998254ColchesterPre NormanOtherEnglandColchester claims to be England's oldest town. During Roman rule it was known as Camulodunum and in A.D. 60 the Iceni queen Boudicca rebelled and took control of the settlement. Between 1080 and 1085 the Normans decided to erect a castle at Colchester an0.9027E 51.8897N|r^J:0  ;CLUN CASTLEShropshireSO298809ClunNormanMotte & BaileyEnglandBuilt by the Normans, this castle had a tall keep and large and impressive earthworks still remain. The main natural defensive feature was protection by the two rivers to the north and west of the castle. The major remaining stonework are two semi-circul3.0320W 52.4198Nx\PH8$  :CLITHEROE CASTLELancashireSD742416ClitheroeNormanMotte & BaileyEnglandA castle was built here shortly after the Norman invasion when Roger de Poictou was given the site. It was taken away by King Stephen in the 12th Century and five hundred years later it was badly damaged by Parliament during the English Civil War. The ke2.3922W 53.8678NpdRB.  9l@CLIFFORD'S TOWERNorth YorkshireSE605515CliffordNormanMotte & BaileyEnglandWilliam the Conqueror killed Harold and captured London within months of his invasion, but he knew the rest of England needed to be controlled as quickly as possible if he was to retain his new kingdom. He marched north ordering castles to be built as he1.0783W 53.9539Nxl\L.  8g@CHESTERHOLM ROMAN FORTNorthumberlandNY913701Haydon BridgePre NormanOtherEnglandThis Roman fort is south of Hadrian's Wall. Its Roman name was Vindolanda. There are remains of a civilian settlement which date from the 3rd Century A.D. The fort is well preserved and it occupied a site of about 3.5 acres. A section of the defences has2.1360W 55.0229NfV: / p  ACRATHES CASTLEGrampianNO735968CrathesPost EdwardianFortified Manor HouseScotlandStarted in 1553 by the Burnett family it was completed in 1596. Constructed mainly of granite it has turrets and battlements. In the 18th Century the surrounding wall was removed and a new wing, named after Queen Anne, added; this was badly damaged by fi2.4368W 57.0584NtXJ:*  @CRAIG CASTLEGrampianNJ470248LumsdenPost EdwardianTower HouseScotlandAn L-plan tower house, this was built in the 16th Century by the Gordon family. It had tiny windows and gun-loops which made it difficult for potential attackers. The tower has a spiral staircase over a metre wide and consisting of sixty-three steps. The2.8795W 57.3076NpTF6&  ?CORFE CASTLEDorsetSY958823CorfeNormanMotte & BaileyEnglandThis was originally an earth and wood motte and bailey castle built shortly after the Norman conquest. Initially the wooden stockades were replaced by stone walls and then the keep was constructed from stone during Henry I's reign. Further strengthening 2.0594W 50.6391N~tXLB2&  >CONWAY CASTLEGwyneddSH781777ConwayEdwardianOtherWalesOne of the eight major Edwardian castles Conway was started in 1283, like Harlech and Caernarvon. As at Caernarvon James St. George was unable to build a concentric castle because of lack of space. This made the castle no less impregnable and the defence3.8278W 53.2803NtxndRF6(  =p@CONISBOROUGH CASTLESouth YorkshireSK515989ConisboroughNormanMotte & BaileyEnglandConisborough Castle was built just after that at Orford, although some historians believe it is the oldest round keep in England. It was on the orders of Henry II's half-brother that the castle was set on a hill above the River Don in a narrow limestone 1.2242W 53.4823NzbR4 Z/D r FDENBIGH CASTLEClwydSJ051657DenbighEdwardianOtherWalesDenbigh was the home of Dafydd ap Gruffydd and he had a castle on this site which was probably little more than a wooden keep on a motte. In the 1280s Edward I built a town wall for Denbigh to protect the building of a new stronghold. It was positioned i3.4195W 53.1780NtxndRD4*  E`@DEAL CASTLEKentTR378521DealPost EdwardianOtherEnglandHenry VIII's fear of invasion by the Catholic states of Europe saw him build Deal and a number of other castles along the south-east coast. It was completed in under two years and its design was unlike any previous castle built. Deal Castle was finished1.4042E 51.2171Ntxj`D<,$  DL@DARTMOUTH CASTLEDevonSX887503DartmouthEdwardianOtherEnglandDartmouth Castle was built to protect the port of Dartmouth, and was situated on a small finger of land in the entrance to the River Dart. The first castle appeared in the early fourteenth-century, but after 1480 a new castle was constructed, much of whi3.5637W 50.3409NvlZH8.  CCRICCIETH CASTLEGwyneddSH500377CricciethEdwardianConcentricWalesCriccieth castle is a mixture of a Welsh and Edwardian castle constructed on a small natural hill on the coast. The outer bailey was Welsh and little remains of this; Edward I built the inner bailey in the 1280s and the style of building of the gatehouse4.2302W 52.9139Np^L<.  BCREAGH CASTLECo. GalwayCreaghPost EdwardianTower HouseIrelandThis is typical of the many tower houses constructed by the Burkes in the county of Galway in the 15th and 16th Centuries, when they owned over fifty different towers. Records show that in 1574 this area of Ireland had 270 castles in total. More recently8.9000W 53.2000NzdH<<( </F @T K@h@DUNSTANBURGH CASTLENorthumberlandNU258220DunstanburghPost EdwardianTower HouseEnglandThe castle was built on a cliff rising up some 35 metres out of the sea and covers a large area of coastland. It was started in the early fourteenth-century and was altered and added to over a number of years. The sheer size of the site meant a huge amou1.5918W 55.4885Nx`P4  JDUBLIN CASTLEDublinDublinNormanOtherIrelandA castle first appeared on this spot when King John ordered that one should be built in 1204. By 1215 four towers and a curtain wall around a rectangular enclosure had been completed. In 1242 a chapel was constructed within the bailey. The castle was str6.2000W 53.4000N`dVL@44(  IDRUM CASTLEGrampianNJ796005CulterEdwardianTower HouseScotlandThis was one of the first of the medieval Scottish tower houses. It was built in 1286 by Richard Cementarius and passed into the hands of William de Irvine in 1323, whose family have held it ever since. In the 17th Century it was extended to become a man2.3365W 57.0920NxbPD4$  H@`@DOVER CASTLEKentTR326416DoverNormanMotte & BaileyEnglandWilliam I attacked Dover on his march to London after the battle of Hastings. Having captured the town, he built a castle in case he needed a safe base to get back to Normandy. Over 100 years later Henry II ordered a new castle to be built in stone, the 1.3232E 51.1250Nz~pTH>.&  GDOLBARDEN CASTLEGwyneddSH586598LlanberisPre NormanOtherWalesIt is thought that this castle was the stronghold of Welsh princes from about the 6th Century A.D. The present ruins probably date from the late 12th Century and early 13th Century. There is no evidence to suggest whether the current site is the same one4.1121W 53.1147N|r^L<. 2/@ J PFLINT CASTLEClwydSJ247733FlintEdwardianOtherWalesFlint Castle was one of the eight great Edwardian castles built in the decade after the Treaty of Rhuddlan. It was started in 1277, with substantial resources being used within the first month of building, and finished in 1280. Typically, Edward I ordere3.1282W 53.2494Nlpf\J@0&  Op@FARNHAM CASTLE KEEPSurreySU839474FarnhamNormanCourtyardEnglandWork began on the castle at Farnham in the early twelfth-century, and for centuries it became the home of the Bishops of Winchester. The original motte and bailey structure, however, seems to have been pulled down by Henry II after a dispute with Henry o0.7990W 51.2182N|j^P@4  N@o@FARLEIGH HUNGERFORD CASTLESomersetST801577TrowbridgeEdwardianOtherEnglandSir Thomas de Hungerford, a rich merchant and speaker of the House of Commons built a castle here in the middle of the fourteenth-century. It was built between two rivers which gave it a natural defensive site. A man-made lake and deep ditch completed it2.2855W 51.3166NvbRB  MEDINBURGH CASTLELothianNT252736EdinburghPre NormanOtherScotlandEdinburgh castle is on a site which has been inhabited since the Iron Age. In the 11th Century when Malcolm III and Queen Margaret made it their royal residence. The castle has been a fortress, a palace and a prison. Today the oldest part of the building3.1974W 55.9469N|r^L<.  L`@DYMCHURCH MARTELLO TOWERKentTR102294DymchurchModernOtherEnglandThis was one of the 74 towers built along the English and Irish coasts between 1805 and 1812 when there was a threat of invasion from France at the time of the Napoleonic Wars. The tower would have been garrisoned by soldiers and had a 24lb gun on the ro0.9965E 51.0242N~thVF> /> \  U\@GOODRICH CASTLEHereford & WorcesterSO579199GoodrichNormanCourtyardEnglandA castle was built at Goodrich as early as 1100, but the present one emerged during the twelfth-century, with many changes made over the following 400 years. The castle was needed to protect the river crossing of the Wye, which the Normans regarded as im2.6114W 51.8745NtdT,  TGLAMIS CASTLETaysideNO386480GlamisEdwardianTower HouseScotlandAlthough a 14th Century Tower House existed on this site the present buildings date mainly from the late 17th Century and were designed to provide luxurious living accommodation rather than fulfil a defensive purpose. It is 'L' shaped, constructed from p3.0002W 56.6169NzdRF6(  Sp@FRAMLINGHAM CASTLESuffolkTM287637FramlinghamEdwardianCourtyardEnglandThe first castle was built at Framlingham during the twelfth-century. It was pulled down after Earl Bigod quarrelled with the king. During Henry II's reign, Earl Bigod's son Roger, was given permission to build a new castle. Work began in the 1190's, but1.3474E 52.2223NxfP@2  RFOTHERINGAY CASTLENorthamptonshireTL061930FotheringayNormanMotte & BaileyEnglandThis castle is probably most famous as the site of the execution of Mary Queen of Scots, which took place in the hall in 1587. Building was started at the beginning of the twelfth century. Much reconstruction happened in the mid 14th Century, at the hand0.4366W 52.5228NxbR2  QX@FORT BROCKHURSTHampshireSU596020Nr. PortsmouthModernOtherEnglandConstructed in the 19th Century, this fort protected the port of Portsmouth from invasion. It remains complete and houses an exhibition of the history of Portsmouth's defences. It is surrounded by a moat and has a number of gun ramps, where artillery was1.1543W 50.8132NvjN>, /L   Zh@HOUSESTEADS ROMAN FORTNorthumberlandNY790687Haydon BridgePre NormanOtherEnglandThis is one of the many forts constructed along Hadrian's Wall by the Romans. It is thought to be one of the most complete surviving examples of a Roman fort. Work was started during the reign of the Emperor Hadrian and it is thought likely that building2.3283W 55.0099NfV:  Y@j@HELMSLEY CASTLENorth YorkshireSE611836HelmsleyNormanMotte & BaileyEnglandHelmsley Castle was built in the valley of the River Rye, and commanded the entrance to Ryedale and Yorkshire Moors. It was started in the twelfth-century, and was added to for over 200 years. The keep was one of the earliest parts of the castle and stoo1.0627W 54.2422NvjZJ,  XHEDINGHAM CASTLEEssexTL787359Castle HedinghamNormanMotte & BaileyEnglandBuilt in the 12th Century this was the property of the De Vere family, the Earls of Oxford. Both the 2nd and 3rd Earls fought against the king, while the 7th Earl fought at the Battle of Crecy and the 9th Earl married Edward III's granddaughter and was a0.6020E 51.9911NthH8.  WHARLECH CASTLEGwyneddSH581312HarlechEdwardianConcentricWalesHarlech took five years to build and was completed by 1289. It is one of the best preserved of Edward I's strongholds. A concentric castle, its outer bailey was very narrow, with a low curtain wall. It is located on the edge of a 60 metre high cliff and 4.1070W 52.8577N|hVH8*  VHADLEIGH CASTLEEssexTQ810860HadleighEdwardianOtherEnglandStarted in 1231 by Hubert de Burgh Hadleigh Castle was completed by Henry III, when the former's lands were confiscated. It had strategic importance overlooking the estuary of the Thames. Records from 1350 tell us that the castle had two chapels, a Wardr0.6094E 51.5423N|rhVF6, /R p  _KNARESBOROUGH CASTLEYorkshireSE348569KnaresboroughNormanMotte & BaileyEnglandKnaresborough Castle was started shortly after the Norman conquest by Serlo be Burg. One of the knights who killed Thomas Becket lived in the castle for a time and Richard II was imprisoned here. Today's remains are of the two bailey castle built between1.4692W 54.0048N~rXH6  ^c@KIRBY MUXLOE CASTLELeicestershireSK524046Kirby MuxloeEdwardianOtherEnglandKirby Muxloe was built by Lord Hastings who raised the great tower at Ashby de la Zouch. He was one of the most powerful men in the kingdom, and in order to strengthen his position during the reign of Edward IV, he ordered the fortification of Ashby de l1.2259W 52.6348Nx`P4  ]q@KENILWORTH CASTLEWarwickshireSP278723KenilworthEdwardianOtherEnglandWork began on Kenilworth Castle during the reign of Henry I in the early twelfth-century. Within a hundred years the early wooden structure had been replaced by one of stone, with some walls nearly seven metres thick. Huge keep towers gave great protecti1.5920W 52.3463N~lXH0  \q@HYLTON CASTLETyne & WearNZ358588HyltonPost EdwardianFortified Manor HouseEnglandHylton Castle was built under the order of William de Hylton between 400 and 1440. It was not so much a defensive structure as a family home, although it is shaped like a large gatehouse. Standing five storeys high it is nearly 22 metres long and 12 metr1.4416W 54.9202NvZN>(  [X@HURST CASTLEHampshireSZ319898MilfordModernOtherEnglandLike Deal and Walmer castles, Hurst was built as part of Henry VIII's plans for defending England's coast. It was sited to control the entrance to the Solent and contained the most modern guns of the day. Hurst Castle was built in the first half of the 1.5484W 50.7057NvzlbVH8& /2 \  dLOCH LEVEN CASTLETaysideNO138018Loch LevenPost EdwardianTower HouseScotlandThis is one of Scotland's earliest tower houses, probably built in the 15th Century. It stands on an island in the loch and is five storeys high. Its plan is nearly square, measuring 12 x 10 metres and the walls are nearly three metres thick. The main en3.3889W 56.1982N~bN>0  cLINCOLN CASTLELincolnshireSK975718LincolnPre NormanOtherEnglandThe Norman castle was built on the site of a Roman camp in 1068 and was protected by large ditches to the north, east and west. Along its surviving walls many towers remain, such as the Lucy and Observatory towers. At the west end, entrance was through a0.5397W 53.2323N~t`RB*  bLIMERICK CASTLECo. LimerickLimerickEdwardianOtherIrelandThe castle was built within the city walls and overlooks the River Shannon. It is thought that it was constructed in the late 12th Century. Although there is little contemporary evidence to confirm it, there has been the suggestion that the castle was bu8.6000W 52.6000Nz~pfTDD,  aLEICESTER CASTLELeicestershireSK585040LeicesterNormanMotte & BaileyEnglandStarted in the 11th Century the castle had two baileys and stood by the River Soar. The Turret Gateway, which leads to the inner bailey was built between 1422 and 1423. The Magazine Gateway predates this and there is a gatehouse on the east side which is1.1359W 52.6288NxlZJ.  `<@LAUNCESTON CASTLECornwallSX330846LauncestonNormanMotte & BaileyEnglandProbably built in the early 13th Century this is a good example of a shell keep constructed on a motte. Richard, Earl of Cornwall was its builder and in 1300 it passed to ownership of the Crown, for a while being controlled by Piers Gaveston. By the mid 4.3609W 50.6359NpdP@0 />  ij@MIDDLEHAM CASTLENorth YorkshireSE128875MiddlehamNormanMotte & BaileyEnglandA great many square keeps were built in castles during Henry II's reign, and the keep at Middleham was one of the largest ever built in England. It was started by Robert Fitzhalf and when it was finished it measured some 35 metres by 26 metres, with wall1.8035W 54.2807Nzn\L.  hMARLBOROUGH CASTLEWiltshireSU183686MarlboroughNormanMotte & BaileyEnglandA Norman Motte and Bailey was constructed here shortly after William's invasion. Today the only remaining feature is the 20 metre high motte. Significant events took place at the castle in the medieval period: King John married here and Henry III was at 1.7369W 51.4147NvjTD2  gMAINS CASTLEStrathclydeNS627560East KilbridePost EdwardianTower HouseScotlandBuilt in the late 15th to early 16th Centuries this is a rectangular tower house. It measures 12 by 9 metres and is surrounded by ditches. The tower stands on an artificial mound, which it is thought was the site of a motte from an earlier castle. Althou4.1883W 55.7751NfL<&  fMAIDEN CASTLEDorsetSY670885DorchesterPre NormanOtherEnglandNearly 1,000 metres long, there is evidence that this earth fortress was occupied in a number of periods from Neolithic times until the 6th Century A.D. Archaeologists have shown that the fortress first became deserted in about 2000 B.C. A burial mound wvlXD4(  eLUDLOW CASTLEShropshireSO508746LudlowNormanMotte & BaileyEnglandRoger de Lacey started to build Ludlow Castle in 1085 to protect the Welsh Marches. It is impressively sited on a cliff overlooking the rivers Teme and Corve. De Lacey was exiled by William Rufus and the castle passed into the hands of the crown returnin2.7224W 52.3655NdXL<( /2  nNEWCASTLE UPON TYNE CASTLENorthumberlandNZ253639Newcastle upon TyneNormanMotte & BaileyEnglandA motte and bailey castle was built here in 1080 by the son of William the Conqueror, Robert 'Curthose'. Originally constructed of wood, typically this was replaced by stone. King David of Scotland captured the castle during the reign of Stephen and it r1.6049W 54.9666Nn^B  mNEWARK CASTLENottinghamshireSK796540NewarkNormanOtherEnglandBuilt in the 12th and rebuilt in the 13th Century, Newark is most remembered for its part in the English Civil War. It had seen fighting in the medieval period during the reigns of King John and Henry III before, in 1643 it successfully defended an attac0.8122W 53.0754NxnbVF(  lMOTTE OF URRDumfries and GallowayNX815649NormanMotte & BaileyScotlandThis site has been uncovered because of excavation work in the 1950s. The archaeological work has revealed the earthworks of a motte and bailey castle built in the mid 12th Century. There are records that this wood and earth fortress was destroyed in 1173.8503W 54.9622Nl``P&  kMONMOUTH CASTLEGwentSO507129MonmouthNormanOtherWalesA wood and earth motte and bailey castle was built on this site shortly after the Norman invasion, between 1067-71; there is no physical evidence of this today. The settlement of Monmouth grew up, protected by the castle, and was recorded in the Domesday2.7149W 51.8110NrvlbVF6,  jMITFORD CASTLENorthumberlandNZ170855MitfordNormanMotte & BaileyEnglandThe unique feature of this motte and bailey castle was the keep which was in the shape of a pentagon. This small structure was built in the early 13th Century inside the existing shell keep, which then acted as a bailey wall. The outer bailey with its cu1.7333W 55.1610NpdVF* /6 T  sM@OKEHAMPTON CASTLEDevonSX584942OkehamptonNormanMotte & BaileyEnglandOkehampton Castle stands on a small hill overlooking the West Okement River and was built to impose control on an area in which many Anglo-Saxons did not want William the Conqueror as king. This early motte and bailey castle was at first built of wood, 4.0058W 50.7289Nj^J:0  rNOTTINGHAM CASTLENottinghamshireSK569394NottinghamPre NormanOtherEnglandAll that remains of this castle is the gatehouse and some of the wall. A mound and fort existed before the Norman conquest and when William I arrived he built a castle on top of a sandstone cliff with a rectangular enclosure with three large corner tower1.1534W 52.9471Nr^N0  qNORWICH CASTLENorfolkTG232085NorwichNormanMotte & BaileyEnglandThe original motte and bailey castle, constructed shortly after the Norman invasion, was built on a ridge of rising ground. Hardly any of this remains. It was Henry I who was responsible for the 12th Century keep which was positioned on the motte. Willia1.2970E 52.6265N~bVH8*  pNORTHAMPTON CASTLENorthamptonshireSP748604NorthamptonNormanMotte & BaileyEnglandMajor events in history took place at this castle: lords gave their support to Matilda here, against Stephen between 1130 and 1131; and Henry II held a meeting to condemn Thomas Becket. By the 14th Century it was badly neglected and shortly after the Res0.9050W 52.2350NxbR2  oi@NORHAM CASTLENorthumberlandNT907476NorhamNormanMotte & BaileyEnglandNorham Castle was built by Ranulf Flambard, the Bishop of Durham, in the early twelfth-century to defend the fording point of the River Tweed. This early castle was attacked and badly damaged by the Scots, so much so, that Henry II ordered a new defensiv2.1480W 55.7191Nl`TD(  /: ^ " xPEMBROKE CASTLEDyfedSM982016PembrokeNormanMotte & BaileyWalesThe first castle was built on this site by the Normans, under Roger de Montgomery, in 1093. Most of the existing stronghold was constructed in the 13th Century by the Earls of Pembroke. It became known as a particularly strong castle, because of its posi4.9179W 51.6753N~bVF6,  wOXFORD CASTLEOxfordshireSP510061OxfordNormanMotte & BaileyEnglandA castle was built here between 1071 and 1073 when Robert d'Oilgi constructed a stronghold to keep Oxford under control shortly after the Norman conquest. The river Isis had to be diverted when deep ditches were dug and the 20 metre high motte was built.1.2614W 51.7497NfZN>(  vp@ORFORD CASTLESuffolkTM419499OrfordNormanMotte & BaileyEnglandRectangular keeps had one great advantage: rooms could be made to fit neatly inside them. Yet there was one great disadvantage in defending them - attackers were sheltered by corners. Thus in the twelfth-century castle builders began to round keeps like 1.5304E 52.0928Nz^RF6(  u r@OLD WARDOUR CASTLEWiltshireST939263Wardour ParkEdwardianMotte & BaileyEnglandThe castle was built at the end of the fourteenth-century by John, Lord Lovel, although the manor in which it was situated is listed in the Domesday Book of 1086-87. Old Wardour had a large bailey which was surrounded by a curtain wall and contained a re2.0870W 51.0347N~lTD2  tr@OLD SARUMWiltshireSU138327Old SarumPre NormanMotte & BaileyEnglandOld Sarum existed as a fort and village long before the Normans invaded in 1066, but it was only after this date that major additions were made to the whole site. A cathedral, castle and bishop's palace were built before the middle of the 12th century. T1.8030W 51.0921NhTB2  /< r   }Z@PORCHESTER CASTLEHampshireSU625046PorchesterPre NormanOtherEnglandThe earliest fortifications at Porchester were built by the Romans in the 3rd Century A.D. to protect the Saxon Shore. The rectangular walls with rounded corners still remain; they were constructed of flint and limestone and surrounded by ditches. In the1.1127W 50.8363NzfRB0  |@k@PICKERING CASTLENorth YorkshireSE800845PickeringNormanMotte & BaileyEnglandPickering Castle is a good example of a motte and bailey castle with a shell-keep dating from the reign of the Conqueror. The large outer bailey was enclosed by a ditch and bank, and entrance was gained by a drawbridge which was added in the fourteenth-c0.7726W 54.2477Nzn\L.  {J@PEVERIL CASTLEDerbyshireSK150827CastletonNormanMotte & BaileyEnglandWilliam Peverel, a supporter of William the Conqueror, was given land in the Peak District of Derbyshire in order to control an area which mined lead. The castle stands high on a hillside and is a natural defensive site. The castle was started in the e1.7748W 53.3390Nl`N>*  z@q@PEVENSEY CASTLESussexTQ645048PevenseyPre NormanMotte & BaileyEnglandThe Romans first built a fort here in the fourth-century, but it was William the Conqueror who made this site famous with his landing in 1066. It was here he built his first castle before moving towards Hastings. After victory over Harold this area of Su0.3346E 50.8181NlXH8,  y>@PENDENNIS CASTLECornwallSW824318Pendennis PointModernOtherEnglandPendennis Castle is another of Henry VIII's coastal forts built in the 1540's. It was sited on the opposite bank of the River Fal to the castle of St Mawes and between them they were to provide safe anchorage for Henry VIII's ships. Like the other coas5.0448W 50.1452NxlN>. J/P b RHUDDLAN CASTLEClwydSJ024779RhuddlanPre NormanConcentricWalesThere has been a stronghold at Rhuddlan since the 8th Century.In 1063 Harold Godwinson took Rhuddlan after Gruffydd ap Llywelyn had been responsible for a number of raids into England. After the Normans arrived, a motte and bailey castle was constructed 3.4637W 53.2871N~jVF6,  @@RESTORMEL CASTLECornwallSX104614LostwithielNormanMotte & BaileyEnglandRestormel Castle is a good example of a Norman shell-keep. The first building was made of wood, but by 1200 the castle had been re-built of stone. The motte on which it stands is about 45 metres across, but the circular wall has no tower inside nor is th4.6683W 50.4207NpdN>.  RAGLAN CASTLEGwentSO415083RaglanEdwardianOtherWalesRaglan is considered the last great medieval castle to have been constructed. It was started at the beginning of the Wars of the Roses in the 1430s, some sources suggest, by William Herbert, Earl of Pembroke, a Yorkist. Henry Tudor was imprisoned here, y2.8475W 51.7688Nptj`NB2(  @i@PRUDHOE CASTLENorthumberlandNZ092634PrudhoeNormanOtherEnglandLike so many of our medieval castles Prudhoe occupies a naturally defensive position, in this case a hill above the River Tyne. It was started in the twelfth-century, and came to be owned by the Percy family. The rectangular keep measured 13 metres by so1.8564W 54.9627NzpdVF*  ~P@PORTLAND CASTLEDorsetSY684743PortlandModernOtherEnglandPortland Castle is another of Henry VIII's coastal forts and was built to the south of Weymouth harbour. Its shape took the form of a segment of a circle, with two straight sides and one rounded side facing the sea. It was built of local stone with a cur2.4461W 50.5664Nx|ndXH8, /@ l  SCALLOWAY CASTLEShetlandHU405393LerwickPost EdwardianTower HouseScotlandThis tower house is rectangular in plan and was constructed in the late 16th Century. It is four storeys high and in the north-east corner has a cylindrical stair turret. Evidence of its fortifications are provided by shot holes in the window breasts and1.2712W 60.1323Nx\N>.  ROTHESAY CASTLEStrathclydeNS088646ButeNormanMotte & BaileyScotlandOriginally this was a motte and bailey castle constructed in the 12th Century. In the following Century a large sandstone shell keep was added; this feature is very unusual for castles in Scotland. The shell had battlements round the top, but these disap5.0522W 55.8340NfZRB,  b@ROCHESTER CASTLEKentTQ742686RochesterNormanMotte & BaileyEnglandThe weakness of the early wooden castles soon led builders to turn to stone, and in the twelfth-century massive stone keeps began to be built. The one at Rochester was started in 1130 and was three storeys high. It was built to command the crossing point0.5029E 51.3882NdXF6.  k@RICHMOND CASTLENorth YorkshireNZ174006RichmondNormanMotte & BaileyEnglandWilliam the Conqueror's loyal supporter, Alan of Brittany, was rewarded with lands in the North of England. At the entrance to Swaledale he ordered a castle to be constructed high above the entrance to the River Swale. Work probably started after 1070, a1.7321W 54.3983NvjZJ,  a@RICHBOROUGH CASTLEKentTR324602RichboroughPre NormanOtherEnglandThe walls that remain are of the fort built to protect the Saxon Shore by the Romans at the end of the 3rd Century. It is similar to the fort remaining at Burgh Castle in Norfolk. It is thought that when Claudius invaded in A.D.43 that the main Roman Arm1.3323E 51.2920N~t`J:2 / X  STIRLING CASTLECentralNS790941StirlingPre NormanOtherScotlandA castle existed on this site before the 11th Century. Its most famous period being from the 13th and 14th Century and the Wars of Independence. The present structure has its origins in the 15th Century. Dominating the passage to the highlands of Scotlan3.9458W 56.1215NxnZJ:,  SHREWSBURY CASTLEShropshireSJ495128ShrewsburyNormanMotte & BaileyEnglandThe castle was started by Roger de Montgomery in the late 11th Century and improved shortly afterwards. It became crown property when it was surrendered to Henry II. By the 16th Century the buildings had become neglected and the castle had lost its strat2.7472W 52.7087NthTD0  P@SHERBORNE OLD CASTLEDorsetST647167SherbourneNormanConcentricEnglandWilliam the Conqueror gave this area to bishop Osmund, but it was nearly 50 years after the Conquest that a castle was built here. It was erected on a natural hill and is one of the earliest examples of a castle with concentric walls. The walls were oct2.5023W 50.9473NrfRB6  SCOTSTARVIT TOWERFifeNO370113CuparPost EdwardianTower HouseScotlandAn L-plan tower house, this was built between 1550 and 1579. It is six storeys high and the small wing of the 'L' has a spiral staircase. Each floor has a room of the same dimensions as the others. It has very few windows, a typical characteristic of thi3.0174W 56.2871NnRH80  l@SCARBOROUGH CASTLENorth YorkshireTA050893ScarboroughNormanMotte & BaileyEnglandScarborough Castle stands on the headland which divides the two bays of the port. Work started early in the twelfth-century on the orders of William le Gros, Earl of Aumale, and much of the remains of the curtain wall dates from this period. The keep was0.3875W 54.2863Nv`P2 @/L X S@TILBURY FORTEssexTQ651754TilburyModernOtherEnglandTilbury was built during the reign of Henry VIII to protect against any attack up the Thames. At first the fort was small, but during the reign of Elizabeth I it was enlarged due to fear of the Spanish Armada of 1588. During the seventh century the fort0.3755E 51.4520NnrdZN@0&  TAUNTON CASTLESomersetST226247TauntonPre NormanOtherEnglandThere is evidence of early British earthworks on this site. After the Norman conquest Henry of Blois built the basis of Taunton Castle, although it has been much altered in later periods. The 13th Century gateway, 12th Century remains in the north west, 3.1031W 51.0151NvlXJ:*  TAMWORTH CASTLEStaffordshireSK206037TamworthPre NormanMotte & BaileyEnglandEthlelreda, the daughter of Alfred the Great, fortified Tamworth, capital of the Saxon kingdom of Mercia, to defend against attacks by the Danes. The Norman motte and bailey castle was built shortly after the Norman conquest by Robert de Marmion. Today t1.6957W 52.6289NzfVF,  @n@STOKESAY CASTLEShropshireSO436817StokesayEdwardianOtherEnglandStokesay is really a medieval manor which was gradually made into a castle from the late thirteenth-century onwards. The great hall, with its tower at either end, has remained largely unaltered for almost 700 years. It is almost 17 metres long and 10 met2.8293W 52.4286N|r`P@,  A@ST MAWES CASTLECornwallSW842328St MawesModernOtherEnglandLike Pendennis Castle, St Mawes was built during Henry VIII's reign as a coastal fort to protect the mouth of the River Fal. This castle like the others was built on different levels in order to give maximum fire-power, across the river in this case. St5.0202W 50.1548N|rh\L<, 8/8 &P q@TYNEMOUTH CASTLE & PRIORYTyne & WearNZ374695Post EdwardianCourtyardEnglandTynemouth Castle lies 11 kilometres east of Newcastle-Upon-Tyne on a headland jutting out into the North Sea. It was built to protect the mouth of the Tyne River and Edward III saw it as an important defensive position against raids on Northern England b1.4153W 55.0162NffV@  TRETOWER CASTLEPowysSO184212TretowerNormanMotte & BaileyWalesThe castle was built by the Picard family at the beginning of the 12th Century. The motte was unusually protected by a stone shell keep from the outset. In 1233 it was captured by the Welsh. Once more in English hands, a bailey was added and a stone roun3.1852W 51.8818N~bVF6,  TOWER OF LONDONLondonTG337806LondonNormanMotte & BaileyEnglandWilliam I decided to build a castle in the south-east corner of the Roman wall. Work commenced in 1078 on the White Tower, but was not completed until the reign of William II. By 1300 it was surrounded by two lines of walls and towers. The outer wall and|`TH8,  N@TOTNES CASTLEDevonSX800605TotnesNormanMotte & BaileyEnglandA castle first appeared on this site in the 11th Century, shortly after the Norman conquest. It was constructed by a Breton named Judhael. The castle changed ownership on a number of occasions and in 1219 Reginald de Braose built a shell keep. Records sh3.6891W 50.4309NvZNB2(  B@TINTAGEL CASTLECornwallSX048891CamelfordNormanMotte & BaileyEnglandThe castle is built on a small island off the Cornish coast, although it was once joined to the mainland by a narrow strip of land. The great mystery of Tintagel is its link with King Arthur and the knights of the Round Table, although most historians no4.7615W 50.6676Nj^L<,  /` $ WARWICK CASTLEWarwickshireSP284047WarwickPre NormanOtherEnglandThe first fortifications appeared on this site in the early 10th Century, when Alfred the Great's daughter, Ethelfleda, ordered the building of a mound to protect Warwick against the Danes. In 1068 a motte and bailey castle was started by Henry de Newbur1.5888W 51.7387N~t`RB*  i@WARKWORTH CASTLE & HERMITAGENorthumberlandNU247057WarkworthEdwardianCourtyardEnglandIn Edward II's reign, Robert the Bruce defeated the English forces at the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314. After this there were the constant raids across the border and many of the English Lords in the north strengthened their homes and castles. Warkworth1.6107W 55.3422NrbF  c@WALMER CASTLE & GARDENSKentTR378501WalmerModernOtherEnglandWalmer Castle was not built until the later part of Henry VIII's reign, and was one of a number of castles built to protect the south coast from invasion. Henry VIII feared the Pope might enlist the aid of Catholic Europe against him, but no such attack 1.4029E 51.1992Nvl`TD<  URQUHART CASTLEHighlandNH531286DrumnadrochitPre NormanMotte & BaileyScotlandA prehistoric fort existed on the site where a stone castle was built in the 13th Century by Alan Durward. It overlooks Loch Ness and was of strategic importance controlling the route between Inverness and Fort William. Between the 14th and 16th Centurie4.4388W 57.3211NzfL<,  b@UPNOR CASTLEKentTQ758706UpnorModernOtherEnglandLike Walmer and Deal Castles, Upnor was not built until the sixteenth-century, but unlike the former castles it was not erected to safeguard against invasion: it was built to protect English ships in the River Medway. It was started in 1559 under the ord0.5269E 51.4057Nhl^TH>.& /d   z@YARMOUTH CASTLEIsle of WightSZ354898YarmouthPost EdwardianOtherEnglandLike Walmer and Deal, Yarmouth Castle was built during Henry VIII's reign to protect the south coast. Like Deal it took less than two years to complete and was ready for action in 1547. Unlike Deal it was a square castle not a rounded one. The castle was1.4988W 50.7055NfVF,  n@WROXETER ROMAN CITYShropshireSJ568088WroxeterPre NormanOtherEnglandA Roman fort was built on this site in A.D.48 as a base for the 14th and 20th Legions. When these legions were moved to Chester forty years later the site had become a civilian settlement. Its Roman name was Viroconium and by the 2nd Century it was the f2.6387W 52.6734N|hXH4  WINDSOR CASTLEBerkshireSU970770WindsorNormanMotte & BaileyEnglandNext to Buckingham Palace, Windsor Castle is the most well known of the residences of the current royal family. A castle first appeared on the present site between 1070 and 1086. It served as a prison until the 18th Century. King John left from Windsor t0.6035W 51.4822NfZL<*  WILLERSLEY CASTLEDerbyshireSK297573CromfordModernOtherEnglandBuilt between 1782 and 1788 this is classical in style, having semi-circular and circular turrets. It was built by Richard Arkwright who had made his fortune as a cotton manufacturer. 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